Conférence sur Chagos à Saint-Paul, La Réunion

Mercredi 20 février 2013 à 18h15, à l’Espace Leconte de Lisle à Saint-Paul, le professeur André Oraison donnera une conférence programmée par les « Amis de l’Université », en partenariat avec le « Comité Solidarité Chagos La Réunion » (CSCR). La conférence a pour titre : « Diego Garcia : une importante base militaire américaine au cœur de l’océan Indien ». La conférence sera suivie d’un débat. Elle sera accompagnée de photographies montrant les îles Chagos ainsi que les luttes des Chagossiens. « Il s’agit donc d’un thème d’une actualité brûlante, précise le CSCR dans un communiqué, et directement lié à la lutte menée par les Chagossiens pour faire reconnaître — enfin, après 40 ans ! — leur droit imprescriptible au retour. Nous vous attendons nombreuses et nombreux à cette conférence. »

Diego Garcia : une importante base militaire américaine au cœur de l’océan Indien

« Dans un premier accord — accord secret — anglo-américain conclu en 1961, les États-Unis s’engagent à créer une base militaire dans l’océan Indien à la double condition que le territoire anglais retenu pour l’abriter échappe au processus de décolonisation et que sa population en soit totalement évacuée. Pour satisfaire ces exigences, les Britanniques ont fait des îles Chagos une nouvelle colonie de la Couronne par un décret-loi en date du 8 novembre 1965 avant de déporter la plupart de leurs habitants vers Maurice, entre 1967 et 1973. Pour faire face à la menace soviétique croissante dans l’océan Indien, les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne ont, par la suite, signé le 30 décembre 1966 un second traité portant cession à bail stratégique des Chagos pour une période initiale de 50 ans, éventuellement renouvelable au 30 décembre 2016. Dans ce contexte conflictuel, le récif corallien de Diego Garcia — l’île principale des Chagos — est devenu une importante base militaire en vertu d’un nouveau traité anglo-américain signé le 25 février 1976. « Malte de l’océan Indien », « Nouvelle Okinawa », « Œil du Pentagone » : en vérité, les formules ne manquent dans les états-majors des grandes Puissances maritimes et nucléaires comme dans la presse spécialisée pour qualifier une base stratégique qui a déjà joué un rôle déterminant lors des opérations « Tempête du désert » et « Liberté immuable » déclenchées par les Nations unies, respectivement contre l’Irak en 1991 et l’Afghanistan en 2001. De fait, Diego Garcia abrite aujourd’hui la plus grande base militaire américaine à l’extérieur du territoire des États-Unis et — en raison des menaces qui s’accumulent depuis plusieurs années au Proche-Orient et dans le golfe Arabo-Persique — il en sera vraisemblablement ainsi à l’avenir. Dès lors, la lutte des Chagossiens pour le droit au retour sur leurs terres natales ou la terre de leurs ancêtres doit faire l’objet de tout notre soutien. »

Source.

UN tribunal may challenge status Chagos

Britain's colonial-era decision to sever an Indian Ocean archipelago from Mauritius and turn it into a US military base will have to be justified before an international tribunal – a process that could lead to the return of the islands' exiled inhabitants.

The unexpected ruling this month by the permanent court of arbitration in The Hague that it can hear the case is a challenge to the UK's unilateral declaration in 2009 of a marine protected area around the Chagos Islands.

Decisions by the tribunal, which arbitrates in disputes over the United Nations law of the sea, are binding on the UK. At the preliminary hearing the UK's attempt to challenge the court's jurisdiction was defeated. Britain is now obliged to explain highly sensitive political decisions dating back to 1965.

Further reading.

Prominent Labour politician Prescott pleads for Chagossians

The scandal of what happened to the ­people of the Chagos Islands in the Indian Ocean is a terrible injustice.
Imagine you lived on a paradise island. Your ­family could trace its roots back more than 200 years.

Life was good. Home was a four-bedroom house and nearly everyone had a job – unemployment was only 3 per cent.

But then, without warning, you were told everyone was being ­expelled – you’d been sold out ­because your country had done a deal with a foreign power to get a discount on an arms deal.

And just in case you resisted, more than 1,000 dogs were rounded up and gassed to death, the threat being it could happen to you if you didn’t leave.

So you were frightened into ­leaving and dumped on the ­dockside of a foreign land 1,000 miles away with no money and no home. You had to live in a slum, seven people ­sharing one room and ­treated as second-class citizens by the local population.

This actually happened. But it wasn’t an African dictatorship that did this.

It was British ­governments, and the people ­expelled were ­British subjects.

Former UK vice-prime-minister John Prescott in the Sunday Mirror for further reading.

"Partout où je regarde, je vois Diego"

En 1965, au cœur de l’océan Indien, l’évacuation des îles Chagos est ordonnée. Quelques années plus tard, il ne reste plus un Chagossien aux Chagos. Sur l’île principale de Diego Garcia, une base militaire américaine est construite et toute approche civile interdite. 1971 : l’ONU déclare l’Océan Indien « zone de paix » (résolution 2832). En vain. Un demi siècle après le drame, les Chagossiens se rallient plus que jamais à leur mot d’ordre historique : « L’an prochain aux Chagos ». Et l’océan Indien cristallise les enjeux de ce nouveau siècle.
Suite.

Minority Rights Group on ECHR decision

Minority Rights Group International (MRG) today reiterated its call for the UK government to recognise the Chagos islanders’ fundamental right to go home, following the decision of the European Court of Human Rights today that their case was inadmissible on technical grounds. The Chagossians were expelled from their island home in the 1960s and 1970s so that it could be turned into a US military base. MRG has supported the islanders in their long struggle and was an intervenor before the European Court.

“Having expelled a whole people from their homes, the United Kingdom government is now washing its hands of all responsibility,” says Mark Lattimer, Executive Director of Minority Rights Group International. “The government has not even tried to defend what the Court today described as its ‘callous and shameful treatment’ of the islanders, but has simply relied on jurisdictional arguments.”

“The court described the legislation in this area as a ‘colonial remnant’, but the UK has shown that it is still determined to pursue the colonial mentality," he adds.

“The UK government is happy to defend the rights to self-determination of the Falkland Islanders, but when the Chagos Islanders appeal for protection from their government they are abandoned.”

MRG has been supporting the Chagos Islanders in their lengthy battle with the British government for the right to return home to their Indian Ocean archipelago home, a British overseas territory. They were forcibly removed in the 60s and 70s because Britain wanted to lease the biggest island, Diego Garcia, to the US for a top-secret military base.

Following an initial court victory by the Chagos Islanders in 2000, the then-foreign secretary chose not to appeal. But after 9/11, the military base of Diego Garcia became more important - including as a transit point for the US's illegal ‘rendition' of terrorist suspects. In 2004, the Foreign Office used the ancient powers of sovereign prerogative to overturn the earlier court ruling. Although in 2006 and 2007, judges found this use of the sovereign prerogative was illegal, the law lords upheld Foreign Office action, forcing the Chagos Islanders to go to the European Court of Human Rights.

The Decision in full

ECHR agrees glass beads and mirrors should calm Chagossians down

Exiled Chagos Islanders living in Britain and Mauritius have said they are "dumbstruck" by a European court ruling that it has no jurisdiction to examine their forced expulsion by the British government in the 1960s.

Their comments followed a decision by the European court of rights in Strasbourg which declared that the islanders "effectively renounced" their claims 30 years ago when they received compensation for resettlement from the UK authorities.

The ruling dashed the Chagossians' hopes of returning and appeared to block all legal avenues through the ECHR by concluding that individual Chagossians had no right of individual petition to the court in future.

"These proceedings were settled in 1982 on payment of £4m by the United Kingdom and provision of land worth £1m by Mauritius," the decision by the seven judges declared.

"In so settling, the islanders agreed to give up their claims. In the later Chagos Islanders case, the [UK] high court found that an attempt to claim further compensation and make further claims arising out of the expulsion and exclusion from the islands was an abuse since the claims had been renounced by the islanders."

Further reading.

Judgement postponed

R (Bancoult) v. Foreign & Commonwealth Office, Divisional Court, 21 November 2012: read judgment. (T)the Divisional Court was due to hear the Chagossians’ challenge to the designation of the waters around the islands as a Marine Protected Area, which prohibited all fishing. They said that this designation was motivated by a decision to stymie any remaining economic viability which the islands may have – the Chagossians’ traditional livelihood arose out of fishing. The main hearing of this challenge was due this week. The Court has now adjourned it, to be heard sometime in the New Year.

Rest of the story.